Knowledge
Figures and research on sanctions: time series since 1950, economic blocs, the state of research on effectiveness and mortality, and the tables behind our charts for checking. Every file names its source.
In 1950, 18 sanction cases were in force worldwide; in 2023 there were 615. This analysis shows who started to sanction more and when, with which instruments and for which goals. It draws on three research datasets, and every figure can be recalculated from …
Blockades do not only hit single countries. Tariffs, export controls, investment screening and payment bans now target whole economic blocs, and the damage reaches far beyond the targets. This page counts the measures, shows who blocks whom with what, and …
A third, five percent or more than half: depending on the study, sanctions succeed rarely or often. Showing only the costs and never the aims is as far from neutral as showing only the aims. This review puts the main counts side by side, explains why they …
Hardly any figure shapes the sanctions debate as strongly as this one: more than half a million people die every year from their consequences. It comes from a peer-reviewed study. Another study reaches the opposite result on one important question, and the …
A situation report in eight chapters: how the world economy is doing in autumn 2026, which blockades are in effect, what they do in the Americas, Europe, Russia, China, Asia, the Gulf, Africa and Cuba, what money, law and labour need, and which paths the …
A stocktake in ten sections. What strains do sanctions create for workers in the countries that impose them and in the countries they hit? What of this is shown, how strongly, and what has nobody studied? With tables of effects, levels of evidence and a list …
How many wars there have been since 1926, how many people died and which states were involved. With open data and method.
On 28 October 2026 the United Nations General Assembly adopted, for the 34th time since 1992, a resolution calling for an end to the US embargo against Cuba12. This page presents the figures, compares them with previous years and shows how differently it was …
Only derived tables with sources are published. Raw data from Global Trade Alert (licence CC BY-NC 4.0), downloaded original files and the tools for download and calculation stay with the editorial team.
